[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"academy-blogs-en-1-1-all-js2go-ep45-transaction-acid-go-vs-javascript-en-all--*":3,"academy-blog-translations-9jnytcr0hvauwo4":85},{"data":4,"page":84,"perPage":84,"totalItems":84,"totalPages":84},[5],{"alt":6,"collectionId":7,"collectionName":8,"content":9,"cover_image":10,"cover_image_path":11,"created":12,"created_by":13,"expand":14,"id":79,"keywords":80,"locale":54,"published_at":81,"scheduled_at":13,"school_blog":76,"short_description":82,"status":74,"title":6,"updated":83,"updated_by":13,"slug":77,"views":78},"JS2GO EP.45 Transaction Management and ACID in Go vs JavaScript","sclblg987654321","school_blog_translations","\u003Cp>A transaction is a group of operations that must all succeed together or fail together.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>They are essential for any system that requires 100% data accuracy, such as:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Deducting balance + writing transaction logs + updating stock\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Transferring money between accounts\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Moving data from “Order” → “Shipment”\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Updating several tables in one workflow\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If any single operation fails, the system must ROLLBACK everything otherwise the data becomes inconsistent, causing serious long-term issues.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In this episode, you will learn:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>✔ ACID Properties\u003Cbr>✔ How to handle Deadlocks\u003Cbr>✔ Go Transaction Patterns (pgx + GORM)\u003Cbr>✔ Node.js Transaction Patterns (pg + PostgreSQL)\u003Cbr>✔ SQL Transactions vs Business Transactions\u003Cbr>✔ Production Best Practices\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 1) ACID Properties The Foundation of Reliable Systems\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>ACID represents the 4 essential guarantees of any safe and consistent transaction.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure class=\"table\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth>Property\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Meaning\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Fthead>\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Atomicity\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>All operations succeed or none do\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Consistency\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Data remains valid and follows constraints after commit\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Isolation\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Transactions should not interfere with one another\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Durability\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Once committed, data is permanently stored\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>💡 Example: Transfer 1,000 THB\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Col>\u003Cli>Deduct from Account A\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Add to Account B\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Write log\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>If step #2 fails → rollback everything. This is why ACID is critical for finance, e-commerce, logistics, and enterprise systems.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 2) Universal SQL Transaction Flow\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Works with PostgreSQL and MySQL:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext language-sql\">BEGIN;\n-- operations\nCOMMIT;\n-- or\nROLLBACK;\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Simple but extremely powerful.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 3) Isolation Levels The Most Overlooked Setting\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>SQL defines 4 isolation levels:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure class=\"table\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth>Level\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Prevents\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>Notes\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Fthead>\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Read Uncommitted\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>—\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Rarely used\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Read Committed\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Dirty Reads\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Default in PostgreSQL\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Repeatable Read\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Non-repeatable Reads\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Safer, more strict\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Serializable\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Phantom Reads\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Safest but more deadlocks\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>PostgreSQL’s default (READ COMMITTED) works for 90% of production workloads.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 4) What Is a Deadlock?\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>A deadlock happens when two transactions wait for each other forever.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure class=\"table\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth>T1\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>T2\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Fthead>\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Locks Row A\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Locks Row B\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Tries to lock Row B → waits\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd> \u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Tries to lock Row A → waits\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Both transactions freeze.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>✔ How to fix deadlocks:\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Detect error code & retry\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Apply consistent lock ordering\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Use \u003Ccode inline=\"\">SELECT ... FOR UPDATE\u003C\u002Fcode> carefully\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Set statement timeout\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 5) SQL Transaction vs Business Transaction\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>SQL Transaction\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Happens within one database:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Money transfer\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Update multiple fields\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>CRUD operations\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Stock reservation\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Business Transaction\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Involves multiple services, e.g.:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Payment\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Inventory\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Shipping\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Email \u002F Notification\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This requires advanced patterns:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>✔ Saga Pattern\u003Cbr>✔ Outbox Pattern\u003Cbr>✔ Event-driven architecture\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In EP.45 we focus mainly on SQL transactions.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 6) Transactions in Go (pgx)\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Ccode inline=\"\">pgx\u003C\u002Fcode> is the fastest and most production-ready PostgreSQL driver for Go.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>🔹 Basic Transaction (pgx)\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext language-go\">tx, err := DB.Begin(ctx)\nif err != nil {\n    return err\n}\ndefer tx.Rollback(ctx)\n\n_, err = tx.Exec(ctx, \"UPDATE users SET ...\")\nif err != nil {\n    return err\n}\n\nreturn tx.Commit(ctx)\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>🔹 Full Transaction with Deadlock Retry (Recommended)\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext language-go\">func Transfer(ctx context.Context, from, to string, amount int) error {\n    for retry := 0; retry < 3; retry++ {\n\n        tx, err := DB.Begin(ctx)\n        if err != nil {\n            return err\n        }\n        defer tx.Rollback(ctx)\n\n        \u002F\u002F Step 1: Deduct\n        _, err = tx.Exec(ctx,\n            \"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - $1 WHERE id=$2\",\n            amount, from,\n        )\n        if err != nil {\n            continue \u002F\u002F Retry on deadlock\n        }\n\n        \u002F\u002F Step 2: Add\n        _, err = tx.Exec(ctx,\n            \"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + $1 WHERE id=$2\",\n            amount, to,\n        )\n        if err != nil {\n            continue\n        }\n\n        if err := tx.Commit(ctx); err == nil {\n            return nil\n        }\n    }\n    return errors.New(\"transaction failed after retries\")\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This is the gold standard for mission-critical systems.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 7) Transactions in Go (GORM)\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>GORM makes transactions extremely easy:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext language-go\">func Transfer(db *gorm.DB, from, to string, amount int) error {\n    return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {\n\n        if err := tx.Model(&Account{}).\n            Where(\"id = ?\", from).\n            Update(\"balance\", gorm.Expr(\"balance - ?\", amount)).Error; err != nil {\n            return err\n        }\n\n        if err := tx.Model(&Account{}).\n            Where(\"id = ?\", to).\n            Update(\"balance\", gorm.Expr(\"balance + ?\", amount)).Error; err != nil {\n            return err\n        }\n\n        return nil\n    })\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>GORM automatically handles commit\u002Frollback.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 8) Transactions in Node.js (pg)\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>🔹 Basic Transaction\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext language-js\">const client = await pool.connect();\n\ntry {\n  await client.query(\"BEGIN\");\n\n  await client.query(\n    \"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - $1 WHERE id=$2\",\n    [1000, \"A\"]\n  );\n\n  await client.query(\n    \"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + $1 WHERE id=$2\",\n    [1000, \"B\"]\n  );\n\n  await client.query(\"COMMIT\");\n} catch (err) {\n  await client.query(\"ROLLBACK\");\n  throw err;\n} finally {\n  client.release();\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>🔹 Transaction with Deadlock Retry (Recommended)\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext language-js\">async function transfer(from, to, amount) {\n  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 3; attempt++) {\n    const client = await pool.connect();\n    try {\n      await client.query(\"BEGIN\");\n\n      await client.query(\n        \"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - $1 WHERE id=$2\",\n        [amount, from]\n      );\n\n      await client.query(\n        \"UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + $1 WHERE id=$2\",\n        [amount, to]\n      );\n\n      await client.query(\"COMMIT\");\n      return;\n    } catch (err) {\n      await client.query(\"ROLLBACK\");\n\n      if (err.code === \"40P01\") continue; \u002F\u002F Deadlock\n      throw err;\n    } finally {\n      client.release();\n    }\n  }\n  throw new Error(\"transaction failed after retries\");\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Equivalent to Go’s retry pattern.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 9) Transaction Scopes\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure class=\"table\">\u003Ctable>\u003Cthead>\u003Ctr>\u003Cth>Scope\u003C\u002Fth>\u003Cth>When to Use\u003C\u002Fth>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Fthead>\u003Ctbody>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Single Query\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>No transaction needed\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Simple multi-step logic\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Use SQL transaction\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Complex domain logic\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Encapsulate in a service function\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003Ctr>\u003Ctd>Distributed workflow\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003Ctd>Use Saga \u002F Outbox\u003C\u002Ftd>\u003C\u002Ftr>\u003C\u002Ftbody>\u003C\u002Ftable>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>⭐ 10) Production Best Practices\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>✔ Set statement timeout — prevent long-running locks\u003Cbr>✔ Detect & retry deadlocks (error code \u003Ccode inline=\"\">40P01\u003C\u002Fcode>)\u003Cbr>✔ Keep transactions short-lived\u003Cbr>✔ Log commit\u002Frollback\u003Cbr>✔ Implement idempotency for retryable operations\u003Cbr>✔ Avoid unnecessary \u003Ccode inline=\"\">SELECT FOR UPDATE\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Chr>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>📌 Summary\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Transactions protect your system from inconsistent data and catastrophic errors.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In this episode, you learned:\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>✔ ACID & Isolation Levels\u003Cbr>✔ Deadlock Detection & Retry\u003Cbr>✔ Go (pgx\u002FGORM) Transaction Patterns\u003Cbr>✔ Node.js (pg) Transaction Patterns\u003Cbr>✔ Production Best Practices\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2 data-start=\"136\" data-end=\"205\">🔵 EP.46 Middleware & Modular Architecture in Go and Node.js\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"354\">In the next episode, we will explore how to build backend systems that are clean, maintainable, and production-ready using both Go and Node.js.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp data-start=\"207\" data-end=\"354\"> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>Middleware Fundamentals\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Service \u002F Repository Pattern\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Production-Ready Project Structure\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp> \u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cdiv class=\"raw-html-embed\">\u003Cdiv style=\"margin:0 0 6px 0; 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