[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"academy-blogs-en-1-1-all-scalable-go-websocket-redis-pubsub-guide-all--*":3,"academy-blog-translations-3k1s5nxmjx2glcb":90},{"data":4,"page":77,"perPage":77,"totalItems":77,"totalPages":77},[5],{"alt":6,"collectionId":7,"collectionName":8,"content":9,"cover_image":10,"cover_image_path":11,"created":12,"created_by":13,"expand":14,"id":85,"keywords":86,"locale":59,"published_at":87,"scheduled_at":13,"school_blog":81,"short_description":88,"status":79,"title":6,"updated":89,"updated_by":13,"slug":82,"views":84},"Golang The Series EP 130: Scalable Multi-instance WebSockets with Redis Pub\u002FSub","sclblg987654321","school_blog_translations","\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Welcome to one of the most technical and rewarding episodes in this series! If you are building a Chat application, a Real-time Notification system, or a Live Dashboard that needs to support hundreds of thousands of users, you will eventually hit a wall:&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Horizontal Scaling.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Traditional WebSocket implementations are&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Stateful\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">—they keep the connection alive in the memory of a specific server. Today, we will break that barrier and build an architecture that allows your WebSockets to scale infinitely across multiple instances.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>1. The Challenge: Stateful Hurdles in a Stateless World\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Standard HTTP requests are&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Stateless\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> (request-response-done). WebSockets, however, are&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Stateful\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">; they maintain a persistent TCP connection between the client and a specific server instance.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Imagine this scenario:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col style=\"margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\">\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">We have two servers (\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Instance A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> and&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Instance B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">) behind a Load Balancer.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Alice\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> connects to&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Instance A\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Bob\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> connects to&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Instance B\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">When Alice sends a message to Bob,&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Instance A looks for Bob in its own memory and fails\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> because Bob’s connection is held by Instance B.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">Without a central \"brain\" to sync these instances, Alice's message disappears into a black hole.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>2. Why Redis Pub\u002FSub?\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">To bridge the gap between instances, we need a communication layer that is incredibly fast and supports broadcasting.&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Redis Pub\u002FSub\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> is the perfect fit for several reasons:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul style=\"margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\">\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:disc;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>In-Memory Speed:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Operating entirely in RAM, it offers sub-millisecond latency.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:disc;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Pub\u002FSub Pattern:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> One instance&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Publishes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> a message, and every other instance that is&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Subscribed\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> receives it instantly.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:disc;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Simplicity:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> It is far easier to set up and maintain than heavy-duty message brokers like Kafka or RabbitMQ for real-time messaging needs.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>3. The \"Message Backplane\" Architecture\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">We will treat Redis as the&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Backplane\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> (the central nervous system) of our system:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Col style=\"margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\">\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Publishing:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> When an instance receives a message from its own client, it doesn't just look locally; it&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Publishes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> the message to a Redis Channel.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Subscribing:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Every running instance&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Subscribes\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> to that same Redis Channel.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:decimal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Dispatching:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> When a message arrives via Redis, every instance receives it. Each instance then checks:&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Ci>\u003Cspan style=\"font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\"Is the recipient connected to me?\"\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fi>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> If yes, it pushes the message through the local WebSocket.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>4. Implementation: Production-Ready Go Code\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">We will use&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">gorilla\u002Fwebsocket\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> and&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">go-redis\u002Fv9\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. We will also incorporate&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">slog\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> for structured logging, as discussed in EP 128.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>A. The Hub and Client Structure\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext\">Go\ntype Hub&nbsp;struct {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u002F\u002F Registered clients connected specifically to THIS instance\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;clients&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;map[*Client]bool\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;broadcast&nbsp;&nbsp;chan []byte\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;register &nbsp;&nbsp;chan *Client\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;unregister&nbsp;chan *Client\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u002F\u002F Redis Client for cross-instance communication\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rdb&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *redis.Client\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>B. The Redis Listener (The Subscriber)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">We need a dedicated Goroutine to listen for messages from Redis indefinitely:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext\">Go\nfunc (h *Hub)&nbsp;listenToRedis(ctx context.Context) {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pubsub := h.rdb.Subscribe(ctx,&nbsp;\"chat_room_global\")\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;defer pubsub.Close()\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ch := pubsub.Channel()\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for msg :=&nbsp;range ch {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u002F\u002F Upon receiving a message from Redis, send it to the local broadcast channel\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;h.broadcast &lt;- []byte(msg.Payload)\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>C. Handling Incoming Messages (The Publisher)\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">When a client sends a message to the server, we broadcast it to the entire cluster via Redis:\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-plaintext\">Go\nfunc (c *Client)&nbsp;readPump() {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;defer&nbsp;func() {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.hub.unregister &lt;- c\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c.conn.Close()\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}()\n\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_, message, err := c.conn.ReadMessage()\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if err !=&nbsp;nil {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slog.Error(\"Read error\",&nbsp;\"error\", err)\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;break\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\u002F\u002F Instead of local loop, Publish to Redis to reach all instances\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;err = c.hub.rdb.Publish(context.Background(),&nbsp;\"chat_room_global\", message).Err()\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if err !=&nbsp;nil {\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;slog.Error(\"Failed to publish to Redis\",&nbsp;\"error\", err)\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}\n}\n\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>5. Advanced Scaling Tactics\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cul style=\"margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-inline-start:48px;\">\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:disc;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Sticky Sessions:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Even with a backplane, it is highly recommended to enable&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Sticky Sessions\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> (e.g.,&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">ip_hash\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> in Nginx) to minimize unnecessary re-handshaking and reduce CPU overhead.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:disc;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>JSON Serialization:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Never send raw strings. Use structured JSON with a&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">target_user_id\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> or&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">room_id\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. This allows instances to quickly filter out messages that aren't meant for their local clients.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;list-style-type:disc;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre;\" dir=\"ltr\" aria-level=\"1\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Resource Cleanup:\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Ensure that when a client disconnects, they are immediately&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:#e9eef6;color:#444746;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">unregistered\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> from memory to prevent memory leaks in long-running processes.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Chr>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Summary\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">By implementing a&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Redis Pub\u002FSub backplane\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">, you transform a collection of isolated WebSocket servers into a powerful,&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Distributed Real-time System\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. You can now scale out your instances to meet any demand, while your users enjoy a seamless experience as if they were all connected to a single machine.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>\"Stateful doesn't have to mean unscalable.\"\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> Proper architecture makes all the difference.\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp style=\"line-height:1.38;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cspan style=\"background-color:transparent;color:#1f1f1f;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>In the Next Episode (EP 131):\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\"> We will take this further by integrating our WebSocket system into a&nbsp;\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">\u003Cstrong>Microservices Architecture\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan style=\"font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;\">. We’ll cover Authentication, API Gateways, and how WebSockets live inside a Service Mesh. 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